The Female Athlete Triad, part 2: The Right Stuff
(Content notice: disordered eating.)
My dietician is punching away at a calculator, as I watch her with the trepidation I might feel watching an airline employee attempting to find me a new flight in a snowstorm. “So, you’re not eating enough to begin with, and then a third of your calories are coming from alcohol or chocolate,” she says with more fascination than disapproval.
She hands me a sheet labeled Healthy Meal Planning. There is no wine on it, but I’m pretty sure it says six CUPS of vegetables per day. I want to take a nap.
“Did you know that your metabolism can slow up to 40 percent when you restrict calories?”
Well, yes, I’m learning that there are many things I’ve been doing wrong; I’m four weeks into recovery from a stress fracture in my hip and learning that my poor nutrition, diet-focused approach to exercise, and lifestyle are running the risk of causing me severe long-term health problems.
I’ve always been the sort of person who would come home from a 10-mile run and have shower beer and maybe a few cookies. Protein? Everything you read about vegetarians (I’ve been one most of my life) says don’t worry about it, so I didn’t. I used exercise as an excuse to eat all the things I feel guilty about, as well as a way to self-medicate my severe ADD (more on that in a future post), and I’m realizing that it’s become a force in my life wielding power beyond its own good.
With the guidance of a registered dietician and my sports medicine doc, and the support of some really helpful sources online which I’ll share as they come up, I’m changing my approach to exercise and nutrition completely. Here are some of the things I’ve learned this month.
You can’t build muscle and fitness running on the bare minimum.
Turns out restricting your calories for fear of gaining weight and then trying to build fitness is like trying to make an omelette without any eggs and then wondering why it’s not getting fluffy. Muscles and bones build from the nutrients in a healthy diet, and simply not getting enough of them is going to get you nowhere. Getting enough protein is particularly important (Note: while I do think most of the vegetarian/vegan literature I’ve read is too dismissive of the importance of protein, focusing on your basic survival needs rather than an active person’s optimal needs, it is certainly possible to achieve adequate protein intake on a plant-based diet. You just need to be more vigilant and, typically, eat a bit more.) Case in point: I’ve been exercising since I was 15 while restricting calories and slacking on nutrients, and haven’t progressed in speed or strength with any significance. I’ll try not to get so depressed about that statement that I can’t finish this post. Amber Rogers, founder of GoKaleo, has inspired me a great deal with her recovery and fitness journey.
You can’t recover properly from an injury while dieting.
Again, the body has to use something besides duct tape to repair itself. It’s common among athletes, especially those who already engage in disordered eating, to diet during an injury, terrified that they’ll “blow up” if they don’t. That’s the worst thing you can do. True, your body doesn’t need the number of calories it did when you were running 50 miles a week, but you need more than your baseline amount to repair tissue and prevent your body from clutching onto fat to keep you alive. This is especially challenging because the transition from a high to a low activity level can flatline an athlete’s appetite, and athletes who have disordered eating might see this as a helpful way to lose weight rather than a problem. I’ve been using my dietician’s intake recommendations, which dovetail pretty perfectly with this very useful and detailed calculator that readers may find helpful. For some people, counting calories is more triggering than helpful, so I’m not getting into a lot of numbers in this post, but I’ve found it crucial to track my calories, protein, and calcium to make sure I’m getting enough.
Eating disorders don’t go away any more than anxiety or depression goes away. They can go into remission.
With good treatment, they can be managed. But just because I received good treatment once in my life doesn’t mean I can count on never dealing with related issues again. My eating during marathon training has been disordered, and I need to own that and be vigilant about taking care of myself for life.
If you restrict food groups and you’re an athlete, you need to care more about nutrition––not less.
When you’ve gone through a period in life of severe restriction, as I did, and spent a large portion of the rest of it engaging in mild restriction (say, avoiding certain food groups or thinking of certain foods as “bad,”) it’s easy to treat large amounts of exercise as an inoculation against having to worry about dietary needs. If you’re wondering how to tell that food has become so far removed from a fuel source in your mind that it has lost all semblance of actual nutritional function and is now purely an emotional maelstrom of anxiety and rebellion, one good sign is that you run 20 miles and recover by drinking a six-pack of beer and eating a loaf of spicy cheese bread you’ve had locked up in your freezer for a month. Not saying I’ve ever done this. Ahem.
I’d like to conclude with an admission. I’ve had to come to terms with the fact that my health is my own responsibility––health is about fitness, adequate nutrition, energy levels, and overall sense of well-being, and I’ll no longer rely solely on large amounts of exercise or a certain diet to pick up the slack for my poor habits.
I also have a few words for the fitness industry, and I’ll choose them very carefully.
I used to think nothing of “LOSE WEIGHT NOW!” headlines on the cover of Runners’ World. I used to take for granted that every model for a Fitspiration meme or stock photo or sports medicine brochure at the doctors’ office was thin. I used to congratulate my friends on significant, fast weight loss while training for marathons, without even a thought to asking about running-related goals.
To be clear: weight loss in and of itself is not inherently a bad thing. Sometimes it’s a great thing. But at some point, the fitness industry and the diet industry got together and decided to make fitness all about weight loss. And I’m going to pick on running here, because that’s my sport: runners, let’s cut it out. I don’t want to hear it about how “they’re letting anyone into marathons” these days. I could go for a few running magazine covers that don’t scream “DIET!” and include an 1,800-calorie weight loss plan for your next race training season––and I won’t be buying the ones that do anymore. Let’s stop acting like wanting to lose weight is a natural extension of fitness, and recognize that while there is a positive, safe way to move toward your healthiest size while gaining strength and fitness (GoKaleo is all about this), treating exercise as a diet in motion is not that way.
Ask your friends how their running (or biking or rock climbing or Zumba) is going. Ask if they feel better, if they’ve gotten stronger, if they’ve made new goals since they began. And when they report successes, exude as much happiness for them as you would if they’d said they lost ten pounds. In short, instead of focusing on just one way to measure “results,” let’s ask better questions. We may be surprised at the answers.
So, I guess I’m not the only one who self medicates their ADHD with exercise. (I took medication for years, found I could, for the most part, control it with exercise after having an issue getting a prescription filled by new insurance, been off the meds ever since. Definitely not saying that is the way to go for everyone, but it works for me).
You’re SO not the only one. Having to restrict my activity level due to this injury for the first time in like a decade has reminded me just how bad my ADD is, and that without realizing it I’d made lots of intense exercise my only coping mechanism. I’m a different person in terms of productivity and focus after a hard run, and I’m trying to find a few different coping skills so that I don’t rely solely on exercise (which isn’t always a bad thing––exercise is good for you!––but it can be if you also have disordered eating issues). I’ll be writing some stuff on adult ADD coping, and potentially its connection with eating disorders, in future posts.
That is true. Thankfully I’ve never had an eating disorder (or a severe injury) but generally video games and the fact that my job interests me enough and allows enough leeway to allow for some distractions has helped as additional coping mechanisms. It is definitely good to have others as alcoholism is another coping mechanism of many an adult with un diagnosed ADD, especially because it acts as a stimulant at first before the depressant qualities kick in. Looking forward to the future posts!
I’d like to throw in a plug for the blog ‘Obesity Panacea’ (http://blogs.plos.org/obesitypanacea/), run by researchers who actually focus on ‘fitness’ rather than strictly ‘weight loss.’
I don’t post on this blog, nor do I have any relationship with anyone who does; I just like reading it.
I’m not an athlete but I’ve been pretty dedicated to working out hard and regularly for a loooong time. My weight always fluctuates and it seems like the only way to get it to decrease is to go on a strict diet. But I can’t maintain a strict diet. And I’m not trying for a size zero. I would just like to have a normal BMI. Or even five pounds over that. But I still probably have like 15lbs to go for that — 20 to get in that normal BMI range. I would love to stop worrying about weight loss but isn’t it healthier for me to be “normal” and not overweight? I’m having a real slow go of it this dieting time around and I’m not sure if it’s just because I’m 39 or weight loss just takes a while or what. Anyway, I hope this reply is somewhat related. I’m trying to work towards an emotionally healthier view of weight loss.
You don’t need to be a professional athlete to be an active person who has an active person’s nutritional needs. I highly recommend you check out the resources at YourEatopia and Go Kaleo that I linked above; I think you’ll find them very helpful. Good luck to you! <3
Hi there! I just really wanted to say THANK YOU so much for posting this. I have followed Go Kaleo for a while now & found you through her facebook. As a personal trainer & bodypeace advocate – I think being honest, open, & spreading this message is SO needed in today’s society. I, myself, lost my true sense of fitness and health years ago when I took it all to an extreme to look a certain way….I’ve come a long way since then – realizing I was dealing with much deeper emotion – and now make it my goal to help others not get down that same path. So from one blogger to another – thank you for posting this! <3 <3
@jenny Splitter: actually people in the “overweight” section of the BMI statistically live longer than those in the “normal” range.